From Statistical Zero Knowledge to Secret Sharing

نویسندگان

  • Vinod Vaikuntanathan
  • Prashant Nalini Vasudevan
چکیده

We show a general connection between various types of statistical zero-knowledge (SZK) proof systems and (unconditionally secure) secret sharing schemes. Viewed through the SZK lens, we obtain several new results on secret-sharing: • Characterizations: We obtain an almost-characterization of access structures for which there are secret-sharing schemes with an efficient sharing algorithm (but not necessarily efficient reconstruction). In particular, we show that for every language L ∈ SZKL (the class of languages that have statistical zero knowledge proofs with log-space verifiers and simulators), a (monotonized) access structure associated with L has such a secretsharing scheme. Conversely, we show that such secret-sharing schemes can only exist for languages in SZK. • Constructions: We show new constructions of secret-sharing schemes with efficient sharing and reconstruction for access structures that are in P, but are not known to be in NC, namely Bounded-Degree Graph Isomorphism and constant-dimensional lattice problems. In particular, this gives us the first combinatorial access structure that is conjectured to be outside NC but has an efficient secret-sharing scheme. Previous such constructions (Beimel and Ishai; CCC 2001) were algebraic and number-theoretic in nature. • Limitations: We show that universally-efficient secret-sharing schemes, where the complexity of computing the shares is a polynomial independent of the complexity of deciding the access structure, cannot exist for all (monotone languages in) P, unless there is a polynomial q such that P ⊆ DSPACE(q(n)). ∗E-mail: [email protected]. Supported in part by NSF CNS-1350619, CNS-1414119 and the Qatar Computing Research Institute. †E-mail: [email protected]. Supported by the Qatar Computing Research Institute.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive

دوره 2015  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2015